The GIMP is suitable for a variety of image manipulation tasks, including photo retouching, image construction and composition. GIMP is an acronym for GNU Image Manipulation Program.
Combinezm For Mac software#
Software that have been developed under the GNU Project guarantee these freedom-rights legally (via its license), and are therefore free software. The GNU Project (GNU is a recursive acronym meaning “GNU’s not Unix”) is a mass collaboration project of free software. This method is sufficiently quick but may produce imperfect lines or gaps.ĭigital drawing techniques that use vector graphics have already been described in literature to support scientists in drawing figures and plates for scientific illustrations ( Coleman 2003, 2009) these techniques use a range of software packages and various hardware devices, such as digitiser boards or digital graphic pens. The single figures are then settled on a sheet of paper and each plate is scanned to a digital format. The traditional way to generate high quality figures and plates for taxonomic papers, is to make pencil drawings first and then ink with high precision technical pens, which normally use capillary cartridge and different line widths. Nowadays, only digital figures (drawings or photographs) are accepted by the most important taxonomic journals. Then, by using an appropriate software, it is afterwards possible to combine all the images, although the resulting quality is considerably low and require further processing steps.
When using photographs, focusing a complete detail requires many photos at a high level of magnification. As a rule, drawings are better detailed than stereo or light microscopes photographs since some details, which are often barely visible in a photograph, may be highlighted. Taxonomists need images of good quality in describing taxa. Further notes on the preparation of illustrations for taxonomic papers are discussed in Mayr et al. The reduced final size will look sharper and small imperfections will usually be minimized ( Zweifel 1961). When line drawing a body part, one usually makes it larger than requested by the size of the journal page in order to highlight details. However, each figure should not be cluttered with too much detail, and there should be a pleasing balance between lines and white space ( Winston 1999).
The drawings should be organized to highlight the characters and their details. They can be produced by inexpensive means (ink and paper), as stated in the Council of Biology Editors’ guide, Illustrating Science: “A good pen and ink drawing is pleasing, informative and reproduces well, even on poor grades of paper”. Line drawings are normally used for many species descriptions. Such figures are of great value for species identifications. In biosystematics, descriptions of new plant and animal taxa are always combined with figures and plates in order to illustrate the anatomical parts and body details. Images help reading a text and explain immediately what that text would represent.
The method has been developed drawing figures of terrestrial isopods and some examples are here given.Īiming to express a concept or convey a message, the use of a picture is certainly a clearer and understandable way compared to a text-only description. This method is noteworthy: it is very accurate, producing detailed lines at the highest resolution the raster lines appear as realistic ink-made drawings it is faster than the traditional way of making illustrations everyone can use this simple technique this method is completely free as it does not use expensive and licensed software and it can be used with different operating systems.
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The present work gives step-by-step instructions on how to make accurate line drawings with a new procedure that uses bitmap graphics with the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP). Digital drawing techniques that use vector graphics, have already been described in literature to support scientists in drawing figures and plates for scientific illustrations these techniques use many different software and hardware devices. These may be produced by scanning conventional drawings, made with high precision technical ink-pens, which normally use capillary cartridge and various line widths.
Nowadays only digital figures are accepted by the most important journals of taxonomy.
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